pde_wave.mw

Schwingung einer gespannten Saite mit fixierten Endpunkten
(Waves on a stretched string with fixed ends) 

> restart:with(plots):
 

Warning, the name changecoords has been redefined 

Solution of wave equation: 

> l := 1; c:=1;
 

(Typesetting:-mprintslash)([l := 1], [1]) 

(Typesetting:-mprintslash)([c := 1], [1]) 

Spatial solution 

> X[n](x):= sin(n*Pi/l*x);X[m](x):=subs(n=m,X[n](x)):
 

(Typesetting:-mprintslash)([X[n](x) := sin(n*Pi*x)], [sin(n*Pi*x)]) 

Time-dependent solution   

 

> T[n](t):= (A(n)*cos(n*Pi*c/l*t)+B(n)*sin(n*Pi*c/l*t));u[n](x,t):=T[n](t)*X[n](x):
 

(Typesetting:-mprintslash)([T[n](t) := A(n)*cos(n*Pi*t)+B(n)*sin(n*Pi*t)], [A(n)*cos(n*Pi*t)+B(n)*sin(n*Pi*t)]) 

Eigenfunction expansion  

 

> u(x,t):=Sum(u[n](x,t),n=1..infinity);
 

(Typesetting:-mprintslash)([u(x, t) := Sum((A(n)*cos(n*Pi*t)+B(n)*sin(n*Pi*t))*sin(n*Pi*x), n = 1 .. infinity)], [Sum((A(n)*cos(n*Pi*t)+B(n)*sin(n*Pi*t))*sin(n*Pi*x), n = 1 .. infinity)]) 

Initial conditions 

> u0(x):=x*(1-x);
 

(Typesetting:-mprintslash)([u0(x) := x*(1-x)], [x*(1-x)]) 

> v(x):=x*(1-x);
 

(Typesetting:-mprintslash)([v(x) := x*(1-x)], [x*(1-x)]) 

Plot of u0: 

> plot(u0(x) , x=0..l ,thickness=5);
 

Plot 

Evaluation of coefficients for specific ICs 

> A(n):=(2/l)*Int(u0(x)*X[n](x) ,x=0..l);A(n):=expand(value(%)):
 

(Typesetting:-mprintslash)([A(n) := 2*Int(x*(1-x)*sin(n*Pi*x), x = 0 .. 1)], [2*Int(x*(1-x)*sin(n*Pi*x), x = 0 .. 1)]) 

> A(n):=simplify(subs({sin(n*Pi)=0,cos(n*Pi)=(-1)^n},A(n)));
 

(Typesetting:-mprintslash)([A(n) := 4*(1+(-1)^(1+n))/(n^3*Pi^3)], [4*(1+(-1)^(1+n))/(n^3*Pi^3)]) 

> B(n):=(2/(n*Pi*c))*Int( v(x)*X[n](x),x=0...l);B(n):=expand(value(%)):
 

(Typesetting:-mprintslash)([B(n) := 2*Int(x*(1-x)*sin(n*Pi*x), x = 0 .. 1)/(n*Pi)], [2*Int(x*(1-x)*sin(n*Pi*x), x = 0 .. 1)/(n*Pi)]) 

> B(n):=radsimp(subs({sin(n*Pi)=0,cos(n*Pi)=(-1)^n},%));
 

(Typesetting:-mprintslash)([B(n) := -4*(-1+(-1)^n)/(n^4*Pi^4)], [-4*(-1+(-1)^n)/(n^4*Pi^4)]) 

(Observe convergence of series.) 

> u[n](x,t):=eval(T[n](t)*X[n](x)):
 

Series solution  

> u(x,t):=Sum(u[n](x,t),n=1..infinity);
 

(Typesetting:-mprintslash)([u(x, t) := Sum((4*(1+(-1)^(1+n))*cos(n*Pi*t)/(n^3*Pi^3)-4*(-1+(-1)^n)*sin(n*Pi*t)/(n^4*Pi^4))*sin(n*Pi*x), n = 1 .. infinity)], [Sum((4*(1+(-1)^(1+n))*cos(n*Pi*t)/(n^3*Pi^3...
(Typesetting:-mprintslash)([u(x, t) := Sum((4*(1+(-1)^(1+n))*cos(n*Pi*t)/(n^3*Pi^3)-4*(-1+(-1)^n)*sin(n*Pi*t)/(n^4*Pi^4))*sin(n*Pi*x), n = 1 .. infinity)], [Sum((4*(1+(-1)^(1+n))*cos(n*Pi*t)/(n^3*Pi^3...
 

 

First few terms of sum  

 

> u(x,t):=sum(u[n](x,t),n=1..5);
 

(Typesetting:-mprintslash)([u(x, t) := (8*cos(Pi*t)/Pi^3+8*sin(Pi*t)/Pi^4)*sin(Pi*x)+(8/27*cos(3*Pi*t)/Pi^3+8/81*sin(3*Pi*t)/Pi^4)*sin(3*Pi*x)+(8/125*cos(5*Pi*t)/Pi^3+8/625*sin(5*Pi*t)/Pi^4)*sin(5*Pi*...
(Typesetting:-mprintslash)([u(x, t) := (8*cos(Pi*t)/Pi^3+8*sin(Pi*t)/Pi^4)*sin(Pi*x)+(8/27*cos(3*Pi*t)/Pi^3+8/81*sin(3*Pi*t)/Pi^4)*sin(3*Pi*x)+(8/125*cos(5*Pi*t)/Pi^3+8/625*sin(5*Pi*t)/Pi^4)*sin(5*Pi*...
 

 

Animation 

 

> animate(u(x,t),x=0...l,t=0..20,color=red,thickness=5 , frames=600 );